大学英语四级考试阅读笔记(14)
2.this means 解释上一句，所以这句与上一句难句意思应该接近
3.mental process 思维过程
4.effortlessly 毫不费力的
52. According to the writer, people often assume different statuses _________.
A) in order to identify themselves with others
B) in order to better identify others
C) as their mental processes change
D) as the situation changes
注：different 对应第第二段中的 various，该题应为第二段第一句改写
53. The word "appraisal" (Line 5, Para. 2) most probably means "___________".
A) involvement
B) appreciation
C) assessment
D) presentation
注：词汇题。一种心理活动，A 涉及，B 感激，C 评价，D 成交，故排除非心理活动A项和D项，采用代入法可排除B项
54. In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the pronoun "it" refers to "_________".
A) fitting our actions to those of other people appropriately
B) identification of other people's statuses
C) selecting one's own statuses
D) constant mental process
注：指代题。二段末句中的前半句中的 the task,而task又指代的是前边一句中提到的内容
A status has been compared to ready-made clothes. Within certain limits, the buyer can choose style and fabric. But an American is not free to choose the costume (服装) of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince. We must choose from among the clothing presented by our society. Furthermore, our choice is limited to a size that will fit, as well as by our pocketbook (钱包). Having made a choice within these limits we can have certain alterations made, but apart from minor adjustments, we tend to be limited to what the stores have on their racks. Statues too come ready made, and the range of choice among them is limited.
注：1.四级文章比喻、类比相当于举例。举例常为细节，服务于结论，速读
2.rack 衣架
3.本段首句和末句之外都是举例部分
55. By saying that "an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince"(Lines 2-3, Para. 3), the writer means _________.
A) different people have different styles of clothes
B) ready-made clothes may need alterations
C) statuses come ready made just like clothes
D) our choice of statuses is limited
注：1.文章最后一句
2.考举例一定不是考举的例子本身，一定是考从中抽象出来的大结论。
51. In the first paragraph, the writer tells us that statuses can help us _________.
A) determine whether a person is fit for a certain job
B) behave appropriately in relation to other people
C) protect ourselves in unfamiliar situations
D) make friends with other people
注：1.重点第一句和第二句，第一句话说明身份地位的
功能：使我们对他人的言谈举止恰如其分
2.首句中的get along with是指与某人相处，get well along with 和睦相处
3.A项中的fit 与文中的fit意思不同
Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enable us to get along with one another and to determine where we "fit" in society. As we go about our everyday lives, we mentally attempt to place people in terms of their statuses. For example, we must judge whether the person in the library is a reader or a librarian, whether the telephone caller is a friend or a salesman, whether the unfamiliar person on our property is a thief or a meter reader, and so on.
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Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
31. According to the passage the Jarvik-7 artificial heart proved to be ________.
A) a technical failure
B) a technical wonder
C) a good life saver
D) an effective means to treat heart disease
32. From the passage we know that Symbion Inc. ________.
A) has been banned by the government from producing artificial hearts
B) will review the effects of artificial hearts before designing new models
C) may continue to work on new models of reliable artificial hearts
D) can make new models of artificial hearts available on the market in 10 to 20 years
33. The new models of artificial hearts are expected _________.
A) to have a working life of 10 or 20 years
B) to be set fully in the patient's chest
C) to be equipped with an external power source
D) to create a new passage for infection
34. The word "them" in Line 7, Para. 2 refers to _________.
A) doctors who treat heart diseases
B) makers of artificial hearts
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