大学英语四级考试阅读笔记(20)
25. What is the passage mainly about?
A) How biochemical changes occur in the human brain.
B) Why people should receive special mental training as they age.
C) How intellectual activities influence brain-cell health.
D) Why people should keep active not only physically but also mentally.
注：not only... but also... 为优选项，且重点在 but also 部分。D 项为首句主题句的同义改写
Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive (认知的) areas such as attention and memory. This is true regardless of age.
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●短文回答内容应该简洁
例：Why are the students enthusiastic (热情的） for the positions in students' organization?
1. Because they are respected.（可以）
2. They are respected.（可以）
3. The students are enthusiastic for the positjions in students' organization because they are respected.（太复杂，不可以）
如何做答：优选顺序：单词--词组--句子；以下情况用句子：Why?和 What opinion/result/suggestion/belief
●短文回答语言方面要求
一、答案语法结构应与问题要求一致
二、照搬：a. 以单词或短语回答--彻底照搬
b. 小于等于4个字的句子--彻底照搬
c. 超过4个字的语句可用代词替换名词，用动词替换动词词组。
例如：There is a basic human earth to make sense of the world.可以将make sense of 改写为 understand。
三、注意语言错误（主谓不一致、时态不对应）
答案时态与题目时态保持一致
Unit 1
Part IV Short Answer Questions
In Britain, the old Road Traffic Act restricted speeds to 2 m. p. h. (miles per hour) in towns and 4 m. p. h. in the country. Later Parliament increased the speed limit to 14 m. p.h. But by 1903 the development of the car industry had made it necessary to raise the limit to 20 m. p. h. By 1930, however, the law was so widely ignored that speeding restrictions were done away with altogether. For five years motorists were free to drive at whatever speeds they liked. Then in 1935 the Road Traffic Act imposed a 30 m. p. h. speed limit in built-up areas, along with the introduction of driving tests and pedestrian crossing.
注：1.ignore 忽略
2.be done away with 取消、废除
3.impose 实施
4."A and B"结构就用"A and B"结构回答
71.During which period could motorist drive without limits?
注：用单词短语，把时间起点终点找出来，然后用介词联起来
From 1930 to 1935
72. What measures were adopted in 1935 in addition to the speeding restrictions?
注：1.measure n.措施；v.衡量
2.题中measures 表明考得是列举语言现象
Driving tests and pedestrian crossing
Speeding is now the most common motoring offence in Britain. Offences for speeding fall into three classes: exceeding the limit on a restricted road, exceeding on any road the limit for the vehicle you are driving, and exceeding the 70 m. p. h. limit on any road. A restricted road is one where the street lamps are 200 yards apart, or more.
注：exceed 超过
73. Speeding is a motoring offence a driver commits when he _________
注：1.offend v. 犯罪；冒犯
2.题中只需要补充一个谓语动词
Key：Exceeds the speed limits
The main controversy (争论) surrounding speeding laws is the extent of their safety value. The Ministry of Transport maintains that speed limits reduce accidents. It claims that when the 30 m. p. h. limit was introduced in 1935 there was a fall of 15 percent in fatal accidents. Likewise, when the 40 m. p. h. speed limit was imposed on a number of roads in London in the late fifties, there was a 28 percent reduction in serious accidents. There were also fewer casualties (伤亡) in the year after the 70 m. p. h. motorway limit was imposed in 1966.
注：maintain 认为
74. What is the opinion of British authorities concerning speeding laws?
注：What+opinion 题型，需要用句子来回答，根据 British authorities 定位第三段
Key：Speed limits reduce accidents
In America, however, it is thought that the reduced accident figures are due rather to the increase in traffic density. This is why it has even been suggested that the present speed limits should be done away with completely, or that a guide should be given to inexperienced drivers and the speed limits m ade advisory, as is done in parts of the USA.
75. What reason do Americans give for the reduction in traffic accidents?
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