大学英语四级考试阅读笔记(24)
A) compel the subjects to separate major information from minor details
B) put the subjects through increasingly complex tests
C) check the effectiveness of nicotine on smokers
D) register the prompt responses of the subjects
注：1.题目中没有具体指出是哪一个实验，所以就是针对所有提到的实验来说。
2.A 涉及文章倒数第二段的实验。
The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Nonsmokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from insignificant details.
3.C 涉及文章第三段的实验。
The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine (尼古丁), active smokers were faster than deprived smokers.
4.D 选项也只涉及文章中某一个实验。
23. The word "bested" (Line 3, Para. 5) most probably means ________.
A) beat
B) envied
C) caught up with
D) made the best of
注：词汇题，根据第5段末句的意思可推断为A选项。
24. Which of the following statements is true?
A) Active smokers in general performed better than deprived smokers.
B) Active smokers responded more quickly than the other subjects.
C) Non-smokers were not better than other subjects in performing simple tasks.
D) Deprived smokers gave the slowest responses to the various tasks.
注：C选项是第一个实验结果deprived smokers and non-smokers performed equally well
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Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:
16. According to the author, the sonar system of bats is an example of the idea that ____.
A) this is the age of technological triumphs
B) modern machines are inefficient
C) living mechanisms are often more efficient than man -made machines
D) artificial imitations are always less efficient than living mechanisms
17. The author suggests that the sonar system of bats ____.
A) was at the height of its perfection 50 million years ago
B) is better than man-made sonar because it has had 50 million years to be be refined
C) should have been discovered by man many years ago
D) is the same as it was 50 million years ago
18. Echo location in this article means the _____.
A) location of echoes
B) ability to determine where an echo comes from
C) scientific term for sound waves
D) ability to locate unseen objects by echoes
19 This article was written to illustrate ____.
A) the deficiencies of man-made sonar
B) the dependence of man upon animals
C) that we are living in a machine age
D) that the sonar system of bats is remarkable
20. The following is the main point of the article:____
A) A bat will catch hundreds of insects in a single hour.
B) There is a perfection in nature which sometimes can not be matched by man's creative efforts.
C) The phrase "blind as a bat" is valid.
D) Sonar and radar systems of man are inefficient.
In these days of technological triumphs, it is well to remind ourselves from time to time that living mechanisms are often incomparably more efficient than their artificial imitations. There is no better illustration of this idea than the sonar (声纳) system of bats. It is billions of times more efficient and more sensitive than the radars and sonars designed by man.
注：1.triumph 胜利，成功
2.it is well to 有必要
3.incomparably 不可比地
4.第一句主题句：天然胜于人工 artificial 人工的5.illustration 例证，本段末句强烈结论
Of course, the bats have had some 50 million years of evolution to refine their sonar. Their physiological mechanisms for echo location, based on all this accumulated experience, therefore deserve our thorough study and analysis.
注：1.refine 提炼、改善
2.二段首句是对首段末句的解释
3.50 million years对应的是第17小题
17. The author suggests that the sonar system of bats ____
A) was at the height of its perfection 50 million years ago
B) is better than man-made sonar because it has had 50 million years to be be refined
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