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大学英语四级考试阅读笔记(26)

[10-16 11:23:24]   来源:http://www.xuehuiba.com  四级阅读   阅读:8123
概要:22. It was ________ that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies.A) the American NavyB) some early intercontinental travellersC) those who earned a living from the seaD) the company which proposed to lay an undersea cable注:细节题。定位第四段,选项 B和C是窜段选项It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings (测深) w
大学英语四级考试阅读笔记(26),标签:英语四级阅读技巧,大学英语四级阅读理解真题下载,http://www.xuehuiba.com
  22. It was ________ that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies.
  A) the American Navy
  B) some early intercontinental travellers
  C) those who earned a living from the sea
  D) the company which proposed to lay an undersea cable
  注:细节题。定位第四段,选项 B和C是窜段选项

  It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings (测深) were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.
  23. The aim of voyages Maury encouraged in the 1840s was __________.
  A) to make some sound experiments in the oceans
  B) to collect samples of sea plants and animals
  C) to estimate the length of cable that was to be made
  D) to measure the depths of two oceans
  注:1.细节题。定位第四段,第二行。
  2.B 和 C 是窜段选项,A选项中的sound和文章中的sounding含义不同。

  It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings (测深) were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.
  24. 'Defied' in the 5th paragraph probably means ________
  A) 'doubted' B) 'gave proof to'
  C) 'challenged' D) 'agreed to'
  注:词汇题。定位倒数第二段,defy 前后意思相反,可以推出24题答案为C

  25. This passage is mainly about _________
  A) the beginnings of oceanography
  B) the laying of the first undersea cable
  C) the investigation of ocean depths
  D) the early intercontinental communications
  注:主题题。主题关键词为oceanography

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  Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.

  1. What the author discussed in the previous section is most probably about ____.
  A) relationships between causes and results
  B) classification of reasoning
  C) some other common types of reasoning
  D) some special type of reasoning

  2. According to the passage, to do the "effect to effect" reasoning is to reason ____.
  A) from cause to effect
  B) from effect to cause
  C) from effect to effect and on to cause
  D) from effect to cause and on to another effect

  3. A necessary cause is ____.
  A) one without which it is impossible for the effect to occur
  B) one of the causes that can produce the effect
  C) one that is enough to make the effect occur
  D) none of them

  4. Your refrigerator is not working and you have found that the electric power has been cut off.
  The power failure is a ____.
  A) necessary cause B) sufficient cause
  C) contributory cause D) none of them

  5. This passage mainly discusses ____.
  A) causal reasoning B) classification of cause
  C) various types of reasoning D) the causal process
  Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.

  Another common type of reasoning is the search for causes and results. We want to know whether cigarettes really do cause lung cancer, what cause malnutrition(营养不良), the decay of cities, or the decay of teeth. We are equally interested in effects: what is the effect of sulphur or lead in the atmosphere, of oil spills and raw sewage (污水、污物)in rivers and the sea, of staying up late on the night before an examination?

  注:1.reasoning 推理
  2.第一句 Another...下结论,是主题句
  3.第二、三句 We want to ...an examination?是举例,可以略读
  4.malnutrition 中“mal”是表示“不好”的前缀;overnutrition 营养过剩

  Causal reasoning may go from cause to effect or from effect to cause. Either way, we reason from what we know to what we want to find out. Sometimes we reason from an effect to a cause and then on to another effect. Thus, if we reason that because the lights have gone out, the refrigerator won't work we first relate the effect (lights out) to the cause (power off) and then relate that cause to another effect. This kind of reasoning is called, for short, effect to effect. It is quite common to reason through an extensive chain of causal relations. When the lights go out we might reason in the following causal chain: lights out-power off-refrigerator not working -temperature will rise-milk will sour. In other words, we diagnose (判定)a succession of effects from the power failure, each becoming the cause of the next.

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