英语四级快速阅读专项练习（二）
ONE: INTEGRATION of Tourism into Overall Policy for Sustainable Development, through: Regional and National Strategies: to balance tourism with broader economic, social and environmental objectives, and integrate it into sustainable development plans.
Interagency Coordination and Cooperation: to improve the management and development of tourism between different departments.
Interagency Management: to coordinate the allocation of land uses, and use of other resources, and to regulate inappropriate activities that damage ecosystems.
Reconciling Conflicting Resource Uses: to identify and resolve conflicts between tourism and other activities at an early stage, by involving all relevant stakeholders in the development, and effective implementation of sound management plans.
TWO: DEVELOPMENT of Sustainable Tourism, through: Planning for Development & Land-use at sub-National Level: to conserve the environment, maintain the quality of the visitor experience, and provide benefits for local communities.
Environment Impact Assessment (EIA): to anticipate environment impacts by undertaking comprehensive EIAs for all tourism development programs.
Planning Measures:to ensure that tourism development remains within national and local plans for all types of activities,by implementing effective carrying capacity programs, planning controls and management.
Legislative Framework: to establish standards for land use in tourism development, tourism facilities, management and investment in tourism.
Environment St andards: to improve environmental quality, to set targets for reducing pollution from all sectors and to prevent development in inappropriate areas.
Regional Approaches: to establish common models for incentives, environmental policies, and integrated tourism development planning at regional level.
THREE: MANAGEMENT of Tourism through: Initiatives by Industry:
to promote sustainable tourism and to give local communities a share in the ownership and benefits of tourism; and use and promotion of
eco-efficiency and cleaner production
environment management systems and environment sound technologies(EST) for tourism and associated infrastructure.
Compliance Mechanisms: to provide incentives, monitor compliance, and to enforce regulations and standards where necessary.
Monitoring: to detect problems at early stage and to enable action to prevent the possibility of more serious damage.
FOUR: CONDITION FOR SUCCESS,through: Involvement of Stakeholders: to increase the long-term success of tourism projects by involving all stakeholders in the development and implementation of tourism plans.
Information Exchange: to raise awareness of sustainable tourism and its implementation, of best practices for sustainable tourism, and to problem dialogue on implementation of sustainable tourism.
Capacity Building: to develop and strengthen human resources and institutional capacities in government at national and local levels, and amongst local communities for effective implementation of sustainable tourism.
Principal Organs of WTO & Its Membership
The principal organs of the World Tourism Organization (WTO) are the:
General Assembly
The General Assembly is the supreme organ or the World Tourism Organization. It meets every two years to approve the budget and programme of work, and to debate topics of vital importance to the tourism sector. Every four years it elects a Secretary-general. The General Assembly is composed of voting delegates representing Full Members and Associate Members. Affiliate Members and representatives of other international organizations participate as observers.
Executive Council
The Executive Council is WTO's governing board, responsible for ensuring that the organization carries out its work and sticks to its budget. It meets twice a year and is composed of 26 members elected by the General Assembly in a ratio of one for every five Full Members. Associate Members and Affiliate Members participate in Executive Council meeting as observers.
Regional Commissions
WTO has six regional commissions ―Africa, the Americas, East Asia and the Pacific, Europe, the Middle East and South Asia. The commissions meet at least once a year and are composed of all the Full Members and Associate Members from that region. Affiliate Members from the region participate as observers.