新托福阅读题型完整解析（七）
2. 分散列举
分散列举，顾名思义，就是说各项出现的位置比较的分散，可能出现于同一段落之中，或分布于全文各段。对于分散列举，我们同样需要根据题干或选项定位原文，将各个选项与所对应的原文逐个进行比较，采用排除法，在原文未提到或与原文相矛盾的选项为正确答案。解答这类题目需要注意文章每个段落的首尾句。
二、解答列举题的三大步骤：
1. 看题干找关键词：
如果问题中线索，即，有和原文相同词语，我们称之为关键词，可以根据它定位，然后将四个选项与定位的地方进行比较。如果没有关键词，可以先定位于上一个问题对应的段落之后的段落。一般来说，IBT阅读考试题目的顺寻和原文章的顺序相同。
2. 阅读四个选项：
如果题干中没有线索的，可以阅读四个选项，总结其中的共同点进行定位，或者根据各个选项中的关键词一一进行定位。
3. 排除与原文相符的选项：
将各个选项与原文比较以后，排除其中符合原文意思的选项，剩下的一个选项，或者与原文相矛盾，或者在原文未提到，就是正确答案。
总之，列举题的基本思路是排除，排除与原文相符的选项，与原文相矛盾的选项或原文未提到的选项是正确答案
www.xuehuiba.com IBT阅读表格题目的解决策略
IBT阅读中的表格题是新题型，同时在IBT听力部分也出现了。与听力部分不同的是，IBT阅读部分的表格题既包括了对全文重点内容的发问又包括了对全文主题和结论发问。它们以对比表格和总结表格的形式出现。相对于听力表格题来说，阅读部分的难度系数更大一些。在IBT阅读的3篇文章中有两个此类问题，且通常是文章最后一道题目，为2分。
一、表格题分为两大类：总结表格题和对比表格题。
1、总结表格题
相对而言， 总结表格题的出现频率要高于对比表格题，这是由它们自身特点，出题方式和原文是否具备对比对照关系这三方面的因素决定的。
2、题的出题模式有两种：
一种是针对全文内容出题，答案由全文的主题，细节和重点支持段落的概述三部分组成。另外一种是针对文章中的重点支持性段落出题，答案由这些重点支持性段落主题，段落结论，以及重点支持性例子的概述三部分组成。这里我们重点看第一种出题模式。
我们来看一个例子，
The Atlantic Cod Fishery
Off the northeastern shore of North America， from the island of Newfoundland in Canada south to new England in the United States， there is a series of shallow areas called banks. Several large banks off Newfoundland are together called Grand Banks， huge shoals on the edge of North American continental shelf， where the warm waters of the Gulf Stream meet the cold waters of Labrador Current. As the currents brush each other， they stir up mineral from the ocean floor， providing nutrients for plankton and tiny shrimp-like creatures called krill， which feed on the plankton. Herring and other small fish rise to the surface to eat the krill. Groundfish， such as the Atlantic cod， live in the ocean‘s bottom layer， congregating in the shallow waters where they prey on krill and small fish. This rich environment has produced cod by the millions and once had a greater density of cod than anywhere else on Earth.
Beginning in the eleventh century， boats from the ports of north western Europe arrived to fish the Grand Banks. For the next eight centuries， the entire Newfoundland economy taking fish back to European markets. Cod laid out to dry on wooden “flakes” was a common sight in the fishing villages dotting the coast. Settlers in the region used to think the only sea creature worth talking about was cod， and in the local speech the word “fish” became synonymous with cod. Newfoundland‘s national dish was a pudding whose main ingredient was cod.
By the nineteenth century， the Newfoundland fishery was largely controlled by merchants based in the capital at St. John‘s. They marketed the catch supplied by the fishers working out of more than 600 villages around the long coastline. In return， the merchants provided fishing equipment， clothing， and all the food that could not be grown in the island’s thin， rocky soil. This system kept the fishers in a continuous state of debt and dependence on the merchants.
Until the twentieth century， fishers believed in the cod‘s ability to replenish itself and thought that overfishing was impossible. However， Newfoundland’s cod fishery began to show signs of trouble during the 1930s， when cod failed to support the fishers and thousands were unemployed. The slump lasted for the next few decades. Then when an international agreement decided to build up the modern Grand Banks fleet and make fishing a viable economic base for Newfoundland again. All of Newfoundland‘s seafood companies were merged into one conglomerate. By the 1980s， the conglomerate was prospering， and cod were commanding excellent prices in the market. Consequently， there was a significant increase in the number of fishers and fish—processing plant workers.
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