大学英语四级考试阅读笔记(18)
注：1.authorize 授权
2.1862、4 years、1869三个数字出现，是考点
3.what is now 现在的
The railroad was very important in encouraging westward movement. It also helped build up industry and farming by moving raw materials and by distributing products rapidly to distant markets. In linking towns and people to one another it helped unify the United States.
37. The building of the first transcontinental system _________.
A) brought about a rapid growth of industry and farming in the west
B) attracted many visitors to the construction sites
C) attracted laborers from Europe
D) encouraged people to travel all over the country
注：A 选项看末段，B 选项铁路建成大家来庆祝，C 选项错误推理，文章中的意思为雇佣爱尔兰工人
39. The construction of the transcontinental railroad took _________.
A) 9 years
B) 7 years
C) 4 years
D) 3 years
注：1869-(1862+4)=3
The high point in railroad building came with the construction of the first transcontinental system. In 1862 Congress authorized two western railroad companies to build lines from Nebraska westward and from California eastward to a meeting point, so as to complete a transcontinental crossing linking the Atlantic seaboard with the Pacific. The Government helped the railroads generously with money and land. Actual work on this project began four years later. The Central Pacific Company, starting from California, used Chinese labor, while the Union Pacific employed crews of Irish laborers. The two groups worked at remarkable speed, each trying to cover a greater distance than the other. In 1869 they met at a place called Promontory in what is now the state of Utah. Many visitors came there for the great occasion. There were joyous celebrations all over the country, with parades and the ringing of church bells to honor the great achievement.
40. What most likely made people think about a transcontinental railroad?
A) The possibility of government support for such a task.
B) The need to explore Utah.
C) The need to connect the east coast with the west.
D) The need to develop the railroad industry in the west.
注：1.问题是建设跨洲铁路的目的
2.transcontinental 跨越大洲的 trans -- 跨越
A rapid means of long-distance transportation became a necessity for the United States as settlement (新拓居地) spread ever farther westward. The early trains were impractical curiosities, and for a long time the railroad companies met with troublesome mechanical problems. The most serious ones were the construction of rails able to bear the load, and the development of a safe, effective stopping system. Once these were solved, the railroad was established as the best means of land transportation. By 1860 there were thousands of miles of railroads crossing the eastern mountain ranges and reaching westward to the Mississippi. There were also regional southern and western lines.
38. The best title for this passage would be ________
A) Settlements Spread Westward
B) The Coast-to-Coast Railroad: A Vital Link
C) American Railroad History
D) The Importance of Railroads in the American Economy
注：本文主题词：transcontinent railroad，A选项直接摘抄，C选项范围过大，D选项railroads范围过大
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Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
31. According to the passage the Jarvik-7 artificial heart proved to be ________.
A) a technical failure
B) a technical wonder
C) a good life saver
D) an effective means to treat heart disease
32. From the passage we know that Symbion Inc. ________.
A) has been banned by the government from producing artificial hearts
B) will review the effects of artificial hearts before designing new models
C) may continue to work on new models of reliable artificial hearts
D) can make new models of artificial hearts available on the market in 10 to 20 years
33. The new models of artificial hearts are expected _________.
A) to have a working life of 10 or 20 years
B) to be set fully in the patient's chest
C) to be equipped with an external power source
D) to create a new passage for infection
34. The word "them" in Line 7, Para. 2 refers to _________.
A) doctors who treat heart diseases
B) makers of artificial hearts
C) America's health-care programs
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