大学英语四级考试阅读笔记(19)
C) may continue to work on new models of reliable
artificial hearts
D) can make new models of artificial hearts available on the market in 10 to 20 years
注：屡败屡战。A 选项为泛指而文章为特指；B 选项为窜段选项，另外选项中的 artificial hearts 扩大了文章中的指代范围。
二段首句：The recall may hurt Symbion Inc, maker of the Jarvik-7, but it won't end the request for an artificial heart.
33. The new models of artificial hearts are expected _________.
A) to have a working life of 10 or 20 years
B) to be set fully in the patient's chest
C) to be equipped with an external power source
D) to create a new passage for infection
注：第二段考新成果的技术特点
35. Some people feel that _________.
A) artificial hearts are seldom effective
B) the country should not spend so much money on artificial hearts
C) the country is not spending enough money on artificial hearts
D) America's health-care programs are not doing enough for the nation's health
注：定位第二段 But some people are already worrying ...
The recall may hurt Symbion Inc, maker of the Jarvik-7, but it won't end the request for an artificial heart. One problem with the banned model is that the tubes connecting it to an external power source created a passage for infection (感染). Inventors are now working on new devices that would be fully placed, along with a tiny power pack, in the patient's chest. The first sample products aren't expected for another 10 or 20 years. But some people are already worrying that they'll work - and that America's overextended health-care programs will lose a precious $2.5 billion to $5 billion a year providing them for a relatively few dying patients. If such expenditures (开支) cut into funding for more basic care, the net effect could actually be a decline in the nation's health.
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按照内容分为两类：
一、文科文章—两点注意：
1.文章态度
2.抓住文章主题
1）把握主题后不会偏差理解
2）与主题相关的选项为优选选项
二、理科文章
1.试验型（Study\Experiment\Research\Test）
2.科技成果型（e.g. Artificial Heart）
3.现象解释型
按照体裁分为三类：
一、 说明文 1.抓住说明对象 2.重要数据事实
二、 议论文 属于文科类文章
三、 记叙文
阅读中难点句型：
一、 多重复合句----关键抓住主句主干成分
二、 多重并列句----两个主句并列在一起，而非主句从句嵌套在一起
三、 强调句----被强调部分为主语、宾语、状语 It is that…
四、 被动句----基本结构 A is done by B
五、 倒装句----否定词 hardly, rarely, seldom, never, not until, not only 引起句子倒装
六、 省略句----e.g. He is a good man, so am I.
建议采用的阅读方法：
一、扫描题干，大致了解题目类型及分布，将其中细节题题干关键词划出。
二、速读原文，遇到题干关键词或其同义词时做适当标记；关注考试原则句。
考试原则句：重要句（各段首句，文章末句，结论、解释句），转折句，条件句，因果关系句，复合句等难句（多重复合、多重并列、强调句、倒装句），时间，数字，人名，比较。
三、定位答案，正确选项为文章对应语句的同义改写。
题型攻略：
一、主题题 (main idea/ mainly/ mainly discuss/mainly concerned/ central/ primary)
两种变体：
1.写作目的题型 purpose of writing
2.文章标题题型 the best title
做题方法：
1.找主题句
2.找主体词（通常在文章中出现频率较高，往往会在第一段出现，且带有概括性的词语）
二、细节题
类型：1.对错题 2.例证题 3.一般细节题
做题方法：准确定位
三、词汇题
类型：1.指代题 2.词义题
做题方法：1.根据上下文关系
2.构词法（词根词缀）
st（位置不变）:stay--stand--stationary--street--star--statue--status
pose（放置）:position-expose (ex向外: exit-export)
propose (pro向前)
suppose (sup/sub在下面: subway--submarine)
depose (de否定)
deposit (de向下)
interpose (inter: internet, international)
背单词方法
1. 词根词缀
2. 阅读记忆
3. 联想记忆
如：handsome（其中：h很，s帅，m嘛→英俊的）
morose（mo没有，rose玫瑰→郁闷的）
ancillary（an + cillary希拉里→辅助的）
4. 推理题 (infer-imply-suggest-indicate-conclude)
正确答案特点：文章对应内容的同义改写
五、作者态度题 (attitude-be seen as)
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