TOEFL语法辅导:词的顺序
例题6(1997年8月考题)
Following the guidelines for speaking and voting established by the book Robert's Rules of Order, _____during meetings.
(A) and avoid large decision-making organizations' procedural confusion
(B) large decision-making organizations avoid procedural confusion
(C) is procedural confusion avoided by large decision-making organizations
(D) are avoiding procedural confusion in large decision-making organizations
首先,我们分析following以后空格以前句子的成分。其中的established by the book Robert's Rules of Order和for speaking and voting都修饰the guideline.所以,我们可以将空格前的成分简化为following the guidelines.那么这时,原句成为Following the guidelines, _____ during meeting.和例题3一样,following the guidelines不是做定语(伴随状语)就是做谓语。如果它做定语,后面必须带自然语序的主谓结构;如果它做谓语,后面必须带倒装的主谓结构。由此,我们排除带有and的选项A.根据句意(guidelines和confusion的意思)我们又可以排除选项C.这时,我们只剩下选项B和D.选项D是主谓倒装的结构,填入后主语应该是avoiding procedural confusion,谓语动词是are.很明显,avoiding procedural confusion后应跟单数谓语动词。所以D也错,只有B才可能是正确答案。代入句中,符合句意。
例题7(1997年8月考题)
Because it was so closely related to communication, _____ art form to develop.
(A) drawing was probably the earliest
(B) to draw early was probably
(C) early drawing probably
(D) the earliest draw.
首先,我们分析句子结构。空格前是because引导的原因状语从句,也就是说,_____art form to develop应该是完整的主谓结构。而单数的art暗示它应该是修饰名词form,不定式to develop做补语。所以,空格内应填入完整的主谓结构。这时,我们可以排除选项C和D,剩下选项A和B.仔细对比选项A和B,我们发现选项A更符合句意,因为drawing这个名词(画)才可能是一种艺术形式(art form),而动作to draw不可能是一种艺术形式。所以,正确答案是A.