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托福考试改错题常考要点及例题分析(上)Ⅲ

[08-08 15:02:24]   来源:http://www.xuehuiba.com  托福语法词汇   阅读:8843
概要:half of =fifty percentmost of + 可数名词+ aremost of + 不可数名词+ is来源:考试大例:Nearly half of the ancient meteor craters has been ABC found in central and eastern Canada. D分析:C错,应改为have been。介词of的宾语为复数名词短语,作主语的中心词half当然表复数,相应的谓语动词应为复数形式。例:Approximately fifty percent of the package utilized AB in the United States are for foods and beverages. C D分析:A错,应改为packages。从谓语动词用复数形式判断出主语是复数名词。注意food用复数表示不同种类的食品,beverage用复数表示不同种类的饮料,故(C)、(D)均没有错。(二) 谓语动词的时态来源:考试大①、主要考察时间状语例 Th
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half of =fifty percent
  most of + 可数名词 + are
  most of + 不可数名词+ is来源:考试大  

  例:Nearly half of the ancient meteor craters has been
     A       B        C  
    found in central and eastern Canada.
             D
  分析:C错,应改为have been。介词of的宾语为复数名词短语,作主语的中心词half当然表复数,相应的谓语动词应为复数形式。
  例:Approximately fifty percent of the package utilized
                   A   B 
    in the United States are for foods and beverages.
                C     D
  分析:A错,应改为packages。从谓语动词用复数形式判断出主语是复数名词。注意food用复数表示不同种类的食品,beverage用复数表示不同种类的饮料,故(C)、(D)均没有错。
  (二) 谓语动词的时态来源:考试大  ①、主要考察时间状语
  例 The metal aluminum has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century.
     A        B  C     D
  分析:Metal, aluminum同位语,in the nineteenth century为明显表示过去时间的状语, 因此应该用过去时态,把has been改为was
  ②、For和since的区别
  区别一:For 后面使用时间段,since 后面使用时间点
  区别二:Since 只能用在现在完成时态,For 最主要用在现在完成时和一般过去时
  I has been a teacher for three years.
  I has been a teacher since 1996.来源:考试大  I was a teacher for three years. 这种表达可以,for three years表示一段时间,was 表示过去做了三年,现在不是老师了
  例: Since 1921 the budget of the United States became
     A      B             
    the primary responsibility of the president.
       C    D
  分析:A错,应改 In. since一般要求主句用完成时态,而句中谓语动词为过去式,其时间状语应与之呼应,故改Since为In。
  例:Adella Prentiss Hrghes served as manager of
               A  B  C  
    the Cleveland Orchestra since fifteen years.
              D
  分析:D错,应改为for。since引导时间状语时,主句谓语动词为一般完成时;主句谓语动词为一般过去时要用介词for;而且一段时间用for, 而不是since。
  52. In general, prawns lived in shallow coastal waters or in streams. 
     A       B        C     D
  自然现象和客观事实用一般现在时态,live
  (三) 谓语的语态来源:考试大  语态主要表示是主动语态还是被动语态。 来源:考试大  有四组动词是改错题中常考的:来源:考试大  ①、prove
  My advice proved to be wrong. 我的建议被证明是错的
  尽管是被证明,但习惯上用主动;
  例:A majority of the reports received from people claiming
                        A  
    to have seen the legendary Loch Ness Monster have proven to be
      B                  C
    mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked.
                  D
  分析:D错,应改为tricks。并列连词 or在此连接名词,如果把D理解为并列句,不仅时态不对,语义也有问题,故将整个句子改为名词。have proven to be是正确的。
  ②、Locate,Situate
  这两个词可以用作主动,表示把…放置在…地方;确定…的位置
  Bats locate obstacles.蝙蝠确定障碍物的位置
  这两个词也可以用作被动来源:考试大  My school was located near the river.
  区分locate的主动和被动比较难,但是有一个技巧存在:locate如果用作主动,后面必须跟宾语
  例:The center of gravity of the human body ---- behind the hip joint.
  (A)locates来源:考试大
  (B)locating
  (C)to locate
  (D)is located 来源:考试大  分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词,故首先排除不能作谓语的B和C。动词locate后面没有宾语,所以用作被动,表示“位于”,所以D为正确选项。
  ③、表示需要概念的动词

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